Currently, exogenous trehalose is considered a potential tool for inducing plant resistance to various types of stressors. However, the mechanisms underlying the stress-protective action of trehalose remain largely unclear, and data on the phenomenology of its effects are contradictory and poorly analysed. To obtain objective information on the stress-protective effect of trehalose on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) exposed to drought or high-temperature conditions, a meta-analysis of scientific publications was conducted. As a result of an initial search on Google Scholar, 46 publications were collected on the effect of trehalose on wheat resistance to major abiotic stressors. After careful screening, 15 studies were selected, containing 65 pairs of observations characterising the effect of trehalose on integral physiological indicators (plant growth, relative water content, and chlorophyll content), 61 pairs of observations on the effect of trehalose on the level of oxidative stress and membrane condition, and 115 pairs of observations on the effect of trehalose on the functioning of antioxidant and osmoprotective systems. The results showed that trehalose treatment significantly improved plant growth and increased relative water content and chlorophyll content under drought conditions, but not under high temperatures. However, a decrease in lipid peroxidation products and the release of electrolytes through membranes under the influence of trehalose in wheat plants was observed under both types of stress. Trehalose treatment had little effect on the activity of all antioxidant enzymes studied in plant tissues, but it increased the content of ascorbate, reduced glutathione, and sugars during drought. The results obtained indicate the promise of trehalose as a stress-protective agent and the advisability of further studying its action specificity, depending on the nature of the stress factors.